Literature review -Sagar Puro

1.

Title: Stress coping and psychological adaptation in the international students

Author: Laura Sapranaviciute1*, Aidas Perminas2, Neringa Pauziene1

Summary: International students all over the world meet a lot of stressful situations due to different academic demands, cultural context, language problems and other adaptation difficulties. There is little evidence to explain what stress coping strategies are used by international students to cope with stressful situations and how they are connected to psychological adaptation. So the purpose of the study was to assess associations between psychological adaptation and stress coping strategies in international and domestic students.

·         It was proposed that due to different encountered stressful situations international students use different stress coping strategies than host students.

·         Most often in academic context students use problem oriented stress coping. Problem oriented approach is where they try to deal with the issue at hand.

·          Female students in stressful conditions more frequently engage to focus on and venting of emotions, use of emotional social support and religious coping, whereas male students more frequently use denial, substance use and acceptance stress coping strategies.

·         Another study found that international students who appreciated their friends, classmates and professors’ support tended to have higher grades.

·         Domestic students more often used focus on venting of emotion stress coping strategies.

·         Female students tend to make better social support networks than do men.

·         International students use problem oriented stress coping strategy, then second is searching for social support and the third is behavioral disengagement strategy.

The paper has used two questionnaires with likert scale- Coping orientation of problem experience and Zung self-rating depression scale this scales can be used while designing the final product if needed.

Even though the main idea of the paper was to see how international students adopted to stress only 96 out of 358 surveyed students were international students.

2.

Title: Humor Styles in Predicting Loneliness among Turkish University Students.

Author:  A. Rezan Çeçen

Summary: To examine whether there were significant correlations between loneliness and four humor styles, and secondly to examine which humor style was the best predictor of loneliness among university students

·         Loneliness is typically defined as the unpleasant experience that occurs when a person’s network of social relationships is deficient in some important way, either qualitatively or quantitatively.

·         Based on different humor theories, identified four different styles of humor, two of which are adaptive (affiliative and self-enhancing) and two of which are maladaptive (aggressive and self-defeating).

·         The results provided evidence in support of a conceptual framework of humor styles and loneliness indicating strong negative correlations between loneliness and affiliative and self-enhancing humor, and moderate positive correlations between loneliness and self-defeating humor, but no significant correlations between loneliness and aggressive humor.

·         Gender differences were reported in respect of humor styles that males utilized − the negative styles of humor, aggressive and self-defeating − to a greater extent than female participants.

·         Even though the study was carried out in turkey which is a developing country the results seem to match a similar study that was performed in United States.

The paper use two scales one was the UCLA loneliness scale to measure loneliness and the other was Humor style questionnaire to account for humor. These scales can be used to obtain important data from the users.

3.

Title: Investigating the relationships between loneliness and learning burnout.

Author: Shu-Hui Lin and Yun-Chen Huang

Summary: This study is to understand the current situation of students’ loneliness and learning burnout and further to explore the relationships between loneliness and learning burnouts.

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was utilized to analyze the data.

 Loneliness and depression are overlapping but are distinct experiences.

The main purpose of the study is

1. To find out the current situation of loneliness and learning burnout in students

2. To explore the relationship between student learning burnout and loneliness

3. To compare the differences in learning burnout with different levels of loneliness

·         Used loneliness scale and learning burnout scale.

·         Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software package, and in addition, the LISREL 8.70 was used to perform the confirmatory analysis.

·         Students in the second and third year also experienced higher levels of loneliness and learning burnout compared with those in their first year (freshmen) and final year (senior students).

·         Regardless of the overall scale or the three factors of loneliness, when students suffer a higher degree of loneliness, it is easy to feel burnout in their academic learning process; this includes low sense of achievement, interpersonal alienation, negative learning emotion, and emotional exhaustion.